Along with the fundamental wave briefly described above, harmonics or overtones are also formed in the organ pipe. Thus in an open pipe, we observe the second harmonic whose frequency f=V/L. In the case of an 8' pipe we would get the 64 Hz fundamental plus a second harmonic of frequency 128 Hz. Similarly third and higher order harmonics all add to the richness of the sound.
As a general rule of thumb, the narrower the pipe, the more harmonics it will have, and the wider the pipe, the fewer harmonics it will have. Straight pipes also have more harmonics than tapered pipes. So an organ builder has plenty of things to change to make different sounds: tube shape (straight, tapered), whether is it stopped or not, and pipe material composition.
Appendix B. Air Chest -more later.
Appendix C. Organ Divisions for the Village Church Organ
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Allen R-465 Digital
PEDAL
64 Resultant
32 Centre Bourdon
32 Contra Violone
16 Diapason
16 Bourdon
16 Bourdon Doux (Sw)
16 Violone
16 Contra Gamba (Sw)
8 Octave
8 Gedacktflote
8 Gamba (So)
4 Choralbass
4 Flute
IV Mixture
32 Centre Bombarde
32 Contra Double Trumpet (Gt)
16 Bombarde
16 Double Trumpet (Gt)
8 Trompette
4 Clarion
GREAT
16 Double Diapason
16 Bourdon
8 Diapason
8 Harmonic Flute
8 Bourdon
8 Gamba
4 Octave
4 Spitz Flute
2 2/3 Twelfth
2 Fifteenth
2 Waldflute
IV Mixture
III Sharp Mixture
16 Double Trumpet
8 Tromba
Tremulant
Chimes
SWELL
16 Bourdon Doux
8 Geigen Diapason
8 Bourdon
8 Flute Celeste H
8 Salicional
8 Voix Celeste
4 Geigen Octave
4 Traverse Flute
2 2/3 Nazard
2 Piccolo
1 3/5 Tierce
IV Fourniture
16 Contre Trompette
8 Trompette
8 Hautbois
8 Vox Humana
4 Clarion
Tremulant
CHOIR
16 Contre Viole
8 Holzgedackt
8 Viole
8 Viole Celeste
4 Prinzipal
4 Koppelflote
4 Violes n
2 Oktav
1 1/3 Quintflote
III Cymbale
16 Rankett
8 Cromorne
Tremulant
SOLO
16 Gamba Celeste II
8 Flauto Mirabilis
8 Solo Gamba
8 Gamba Celeste
4 Gambette Celeste II
16 Tuba Mirabilis
8 Tuba Mirabilis
8 French Horn
8 Corno di Bassetto
8 Cor Anglais
4 Octave Mirabilis
Tremulant
Celesta
Harpsichord
STRING
8 Viole
8 Viole Celeste
8 Gamba
8 Gamba Celeste
8 Dulcet
8 Dulcet Celeste
8 Vox Angelica
8 Vox Humana
Tremulant
Celesta
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Pipes
new exposed Great - old pipes reconfigured
32 Resultant
16 Montre
16 Bourdon
16 Flute Bouchee
16 Violee de Gambe
8 Diapason
8 Bourdon
4 Diapason
4 Bourdon
derived from 4 Octave
16 Trompette
8 Trompette
4 Trompette
16 Montre (Swell)
16 Bourdon
8 Diapason
8 Harmonic Flute (Bourdon bass)
8 Bourdon
8 Viole de Gambe (Choir)
4 Octave
4 Harmonic Flute
2 2/3 Twelfth
2 Fifteenth
2 Bourdon
1 1/3 Mixture III
1/2 Mixture III
16 Trompette (Swell)
8 Trompette (Swell)
Tremulant
16 Flute Bouchee
8 Montre
8 Flute a Cheminee
8 Flute Conique/Flute Celeste
8 Viole Conique
8 Voix Celeste
4 Prestant
4 Flute Bouchee
2 2/3 Nazard
2 Flute a Cheminee
1 3/5 Tierce t.c.
Ill Mixture
16 Trompette
8 Trompette
8 Hautbois
8 Voix Humaine
4 Trompette
Tremblant
16 Viole de Gambe
8 Cor de Chamois
8 Viole de Gambe
8 Viole Celeste
4 Viole de Gambe
4 Bourdon
4 Viole de Gambe/Voix Celeste
2 Viole de Gambe
1 1/3 Bourdon
16 Cromhorne t.c.
8 Cromhorne
Tremblant
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